Bond enthalpies are used to determine the energy required to break bonds in the reactants, and the energy released when bonds in the products are made. This allows the overall enthalpy change for the reaction to be calculated

This video demonstrates how solids, gases and solutions in reactions can be quantified using the idea of moles and mole ratios.

Titration allows us to measure the concentration of an acid or alkali, using an alkali or acid of known concentration in a neutralisation reaction. This video shows how to do the calculations necessary.